Which of the following is NOT part of Koontz & O'Donnell's criteria for effective delegation?

• A. Clear definition of subordinates authority
• B. Evidence sub is competent to exercise authority
• C. Allow subordinate to exercise authority without constant checking
• D. Provide step-by-step supervision

Answer: (D)

The idea behind effective delegation is to empower subordinates by clearly giving them permission to act, ensuring they have the skills to do so, and allowing them to use that authority with some independence. Koontz & O'Donnell emphasize clearly defined authority, evidence of competence, and the freedom to act without constant checking, within reasonable accountability.

Providing step-by-step supervision, however, would amount to micromanaging. It undermines delegation by restricting autonomy and signaling a lack of trust in the subordinate’s ability to handle the task within the given authority.